Antimicrobial and chlorhexidine mouthwash resistance of dental plaque bacteria  — ASN Events

Antimicrobial and chlorhexidine mouthwash resistance of dental plaque bacteria  (#412)

Hafiz Ghulam Murtaza Saleem 1 2 , Christine Seers 2 , Anjum Nasim Sabri 1 , Eric Reynolds 2
  1. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan., Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
  2. Oral Health CRC Melbourne Dental School , The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Chlorhexidine is mainly accepted as disinfectant in hospital settings and is also used for oral hygiene in oral care formulations as in mouthwashes/mouthrinses. In Pakistan self medication with antimicrobial agents is common and increasing bacterial antimicrobial resistance is occurring, thus adequate disinfection procedures are important. In this study bacteria isolated from dental plaque were selected at random for antimicrobial resistance analysis. These bacteria were characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing as Chryseobacterium culicis, Chryseobacterium indologenes, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Enterobacter ludwigii, Streptococcus salivarius, and Pseudomonas stutzeri. Antibiotic resistance profiles were measured using the disc diffusion method. Chryseobacterium species were found to be more resistant to multiple drugs including ampicillin, kanamycin, gentamycin and tetracycline. S. salivarius and P. stutzeri had high and intermediate susceptibility to ampicillin respectively whilst the other species were resistant to this drug. These dental bacteria showed diversity in biofilm forming ability with P. stutzeri found to be +the most biofilm producing. P. stutzeri, A. johnsonii, and E. ludwigii growth was inhibited with chlorhexidine gluconate (Sigma) at 3.8 µg/ml in comparison with Chryseobacterium sp. with minimum inhibitory concentration of 32 µg/ml. The efficacy of chlorhexidine available from three different sources to inhibit growth of these species was assessed. Antiseptic solution marketed to dental clinicians (Dentalife) was found more effective against bacterial growth in comparison with other products. Bacterial biofilm grown in a 96 well microtitre plate were exposed for different time intervals to a commercial chlorhexidine-based mouthwash (chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%). The bacteria, particularly the Chryseobacterium sp. could survive up to 30 second exposures. Our results indicate that antimicrobial resistant bacteria were readily isolated from dental plaque and that chlorhexidine-based mouth wash should be used to mouth rinse for at least 40 seconds to inhibit the growth of chlorhexidine resistant dental plaque species.
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