Mosquito-borne disease management in Australia faces challenges on many fronts. Gaps exist in our understanding of the drivers of endemic mosquito-borne disease risk and the pathways of exotic mosquitoes and pathogens. Ross River virus (RRV) is the most commonly reported mosquito-borne disease in Australia and while not fatal, can cause a potentially severe flu-like illness with an average of 5,000 cases reported each year. There is annual activity of dengue but with limited distribution of suitable mosquito vectors (e.g. Aedes aegypti), locally acquired cases are restricted to Far North Queensland. However, there is a steady increase in imported cases of both dengue and chikungunya virus infections highlighting the potential for exotic mosquito-borne pathogen incursions. With the potential for temperate climate tolerant exotic mosquitoes (e.g. Aedes albopictus) introductions, there is a potential risk for future outbreaks of exotic diseases in Australia’s southern regions. Notwithstanding the threat of exotic pathogens, endemic virus including RRV and Barmah Forest virus (BFV) continue to pose a risk but outbreaks are difficult to predict due to the complex diversity of mosquito vectors, environmental drivers of mosquito abundance and the role of wildlife reservoirs. Predicted changes in climate combined with the encroachment of new residential developments into wetland habitats and expansion of wetland rehabilitation projects may increase exposure of the community to mosquito-borne disease. Environmentally sensitive mosquito control strategies may be required to reduce the risks where suitable mosquito habitats and wildlife occur close to residential developments. However, an emphasis will remain on the awareness raising programs of local health authorities informed by mosquito, pathogen and human disease surveillance. Personal responsibility for avoiding mosquito bites will be promoted but with that should come a greater understanding of how the community choose and use mosquito repellents. Understanding the effectiveness of these approaches will be critical in assessing and addressing future mosquito-borne disease risk in Australia.