Cyclic-di-AMP levels in different Lactococcus strains is affected by CdaA and GdpP (#212)
Cyclic-di-AMP is a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger playing a vital
role in growth, cell wall homeostasis, antibiotic, heat- and salt-resistance.
In Lactococcus, spontaneous mutation in the c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase gene
(gdpP) caused a dual heat-resistant and salt-sensitive phenotype. Plating of a
gdpP mutant on high salt agar resulted in the growth of a few colonies at low
frequency. Genome sequencing of 2 selected salt resistant mutants revealed
mutations in the gene encoding the diadenylate cyclase (CdaA) enzyme involved
in c-di-AMP synthesis. Analysis of a further 100 salt resistant suppressor
mutants led to the identification of >40 independent CdaA mutant variants.
Those without mutations (n=4) were found to have revertant changes in the gdpP
gene which likely restored phosphodiesterase activity. To confirm that these
mutations affect c-di-AMP levels, we established an ultra-performance liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method to quantify
cellular c-di-AMP levels. The results showed that intracellular c-di-AMP levels
are undetectable in wild type L. lactis MG1363 and ~3-5x higher in a gdpP
mutant compared to the cdaA/gdpP double mutants, demonstrating the c-di-AMP in
Lactococcus is modulated by these enzymes. The inability to detect c-di-AMP in
strain MG1363 could be due to this strain containing a natural frameshift
mutation in the CdaR homolog encoding gene immediately downstream of cdaA. CdaR
has been shown to strongly upregulate CdaA mediated c-di-AMP synthesis. We
therefore analysed four cheese making Lactococcus strains and found that they
all contain a complete unaltered cdaR gene homolog. However the level of
c-di-AMP in one of these wild type strains (ASCC892185) was undetectable, while
derivatives from it with gdpP and cdaA/gdpP mutations had high and low c-di-AMP
levels, respectively. These results confirm that GdpP and CdaA control c-di-AMP
levels in different strains of Lactococcus.