Cyclic-di-AMP levels in different Lactococcus strains is affected by CdaA and GdpP — ASN Events

Cyclic-di-AMP levels in different Lactococcus strains is affected by CdaA and GdpP (#212)

Nguyen Nhiep 1 , Yan Zhu 1 , Thi Huong Pham 1 2 , Esteban Marcellin 3 , Alolika Chakrabortti 4 , Ngoc MInh Thu Vu 1 , Yuanling Wang 5 , Jennifer Waanders 1 , Lars K. Nielsen 3 , Zhao-xun Liang 4 , Mark Turner 1 6
  1. The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
  2. School of Science and Technology, The University of Da Nang, Da Nang, Vietnam
  3. Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
  4. School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
  5. College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural university Changsha, Hunan, China
  6. Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Cyclic-di-AMP is a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger playing a vital role in growth, cell wall homeostasis, antibiotic, heat- and salt-resistance. In Lactococcus, spontaneous mutation in the c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase gene (gdpP) caused a dual heat-resistant and salt-sensitive phenotype. Plating of a gdpP mutant on high salt agar resulted in the growth of a few colonies at low frequency. Genome sequencing of 2 selected salt resistant mutants revealed mutations in the gene encoding the diadenylate cyclase (CdaA) enzyme involved in c-di-AMP synthesis. Analysis of a further 100 salt resistant suppressor mutants led to the identification of >40 independent CdaA mutant variants. Those without mutations (n=4) were found to have revertant changes in the gdpP gene which likely restored phosphodiesterase activity. To confirm that these mutations affect c-di-AMP levels, we established an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method to quantify cellular c-di-AMP levels. The results showed that intracellular c-di-AMP levels are undetectable in wild type L. lactis MG1363 and ~3-5x higher in a gdpP mutant compared to the cdaA/gdpP double mutants, demonstrating the c-di-AMP in Lactococcus is modulated by these enzymes. The inability to detect c-di-AMP in strain MG1363 could be due to this strain containing a natural frameshift mutation in the CdaR homolog encoding gene immediately downstream of cdaA. CdaR has been shown to strongly upregulate CdaA mediated c-di-AMP synthesis. We therefore analysed four cheese making Lactococcus strains and found that they all contain a complete unaltered cdaR gene homolog. However the level of c-di-AMP in one of these wild type strains (ASCC892185) was undetectable, while derivatives from it with gdpP and cdaA/gdpP mutations had high and low c-di-AMP levels, respectively. These results confirm that GdpP and CdaA control c-di-AMP levels in different strains of Lactococcus.
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